The article abstract performs an important representative function in all information bases and is an independent source of information. The abstract purpose is to give the reader an idea of the article content without reading the full text.
Abstracts should be:
- informative (must contain no generalities or redundancy);
- descriptive (capturing the main point of the paper and the research results);
- cohesive (follow the logical structure of the paper);
- concise.
The abstract should not repeat or rephrase the paper title. The text of the abstract should be concise and clear and contain no irrelevant information and unnecessary introductory words.
The abstract should have the same structure as the text of the article and contain 1–2 sentences for each clause:
- description of the research object;
- research method (briefly);
- results of the study (it is recommended to indicate the specific results and dependencies obtained in the study);
- conclusions (briefly).
The abstract must be cohesive, its sentences logically following one another. Keywords from the paper’s body should be used.
In abstract it is not recommended to:
- use complex grammatical constructions;
- use non-standard or uncommon abbreviations (if essential, abbreviations must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself);
- use links to sources;
- use formulas and illustrations.