<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.3/JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru">
  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Technoeconomics</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Technoeconomics</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2949-1290</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57809/2026.5.2.17.2</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Intelligent Agents Based on Large Language Models in Transport Management: A Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Development and Implementation</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Интеллектуальные агенты на основе больших языковых моделей в управлении транспортом: сравнительный анализ подходов к разработке и внедрению</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Krasnov</surname>
            <given-names>Valery</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tsmugunov</surname>
            <given-names>Nikita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <issue-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17</issue-id>
      <fpage>20</fpage>
      <lpage>30</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://technoeconomics.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/Issues/17/2_krasnov_tsmugunov.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The paper addresses the “information gap” between objective telemetry data and primary documentation in logistics and road construction, which arises from the growing volume of unstructured information and a shortage of qualified personnel. Two projects aimed at creating intelligent agents to bridge this gap in transport management are examined. Based on a comparative analysis of two implemented solutions, the study identifies common architectural principles. The first project (technical proposal stage) develops an AI‑powered dispatcher assistant that automatically collects and matches requests from external channels with an internal TMS system via deep API integration. The second project (working prototype) implements a workflow on the low‑code n8n platform that extracts, normalises, and compares GLONASS PDF data with accounting records. Both agents share a unified five‑stage cognitive agent model and a hybrid architecture combining a large language model with deterministic logic. The two solutions differ fundamentally in their integration paradigm: deep API integration versus low‑code assembly. This difference determines development speed, total cost of ownership, and scalability. The low‑code prototype achieves a payback period of less than one month, while deep integration offers greater customisation and ERP connectivity at significantly higher initial cost. Criteria for selecting an architectural approach are formulated based on the maturity of a company’s IT landscape. These criteria enable a strategic choice between deep integration and low‑code development depending on business priorities, infrastructure readiness, and available resources.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>intelligent agents</kwd>
        <kwd>large language models</kwd>
        <kwd>operational efficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>logistics</kwd>
        <kwd>road construction</kwd>
        <kwd>low-code platforms</kwd>
        <kwd>dispatch management</kwd>
        <kwd>transportation auditing</kwd>
        <kwd>digital divide</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akishin V.A., Chemeris O.S. 2026. Economic and statistical model for evaluating the effectivenessof AI agent implementation under labor shortage and technological import dependence. Innovation and Investment 1, 440–443.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ashurkina D.S. 2025. Artificial intelligence on the route: how neural networks optimize logistics processes. In: The socio-economic landscape of the region: people and digital transformation (conference proceedings), 45–52. Sreda, Cheboksary. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bulaev Ya.A., Burtsev D.S. 2025. The role of large language models in optimizing business processes and knowledge management in corporate structures. Journal of Monetary Economics and Management 7.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bundle. 2026. n8n replaced every automation I had duct-taped together, and it wasn’t even close. URL: https://www.bundle.app/en/technology/n8n-replaced-every-automation-i-hadduct-taped-together-and-it-wasnt-even-close-EEF46E70-0651-41E4-A60A-0829B64C7C28 (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chemeris O.S., Borremans A.D., Tick J. 2023. Analysis of economic consequences of digital solutions in logistics on the example of Russian Railways holding. In: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 575, 789–798.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Esphere. 2026. Sber2V implemented an AI chatbot in the electronic transportation documents service. URL: https://esphere.ru/press/cber2b-vnedril-chat-bot-s-ii-v-servis-elektronnykh-perevozochnykh-dokumentov/ (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ilin I., Lepekhin A., Levina A., Iliashenko O. 2018. Analysis of factors, defining software development approach. International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Transportation Facilities and Transport EMMFT 2017. Conference proceedings. Cham, 2018, 1306-1314.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ilyin I.V., Iliashenko O.Yu., Makov K.M., Frolov K.V. 2015. Developiing a reference model of the information system architecture of high-tech enterprises. St.Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Economics, 5 (228), 97-107.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kazantsev A. 2025. What kind of beast is n8n. First steps of automation. URL: https://hostkey.ru/blog/128-chto-za-zver-n8n-pervye-shagi-avtomatizatsii/ (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Korus Consulting. 2025a. Russian market of Low-code platforms. URL: https://korusconsulting.ru/press-centr/rossiyskiy-rynok-platform-low-code/ (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Korus Consulting. 2025b. Korus Consulting releases an updated version of the Koncrit YMS system with AI agents. URL: https://wms.korusconsulting.ru/expertise/korus-konsalting-vypustil-obnovlennuyu-versiyu-sistemy-koncrit-yms-dobaviv-v-nee-ii-agentov/ (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levina A., Trifonova N., Musatkina E., Chemeris O., Tick A. 2024. Planning and management of vaccine distribution: social vulnerability index to reduce vulnerability in public health. In: Innovations for Healthcare and Wellbeing: Digital Technologies, Ecosystems and Entrepreneurship, 167–189.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mehri N. 2026. Large Language Models (LLMs) in E-Commerce. Technoeconomics 5, 1 (16), 41–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57809/2026.5.1.16.4</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ovsyannikova A.V. 2025. Application of artificial intelligence technologies in supply chain management: models, effects and development prospects. Risk Management in Economics, 1–12.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Paravyan M.K. 2025. Assessment of the impact of digital transformation on the development of logistics and supply chain management in Russia. Vestnik of Samara State University of Economics 5, 103-116. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rassadkin K. 2023. Digitalization of logistics: trends and prospects for 2023. URL: https://www.it-world.ru/it-news/718bu4qhtscoc8s40kk4kkos48sswkw.html (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sizov A. 2025. How GenAI reduced manual invoice processing by 2 times at Uber. URL: https://vesfinteh.ru/proekty/kak-genai-v-2-raza-sokratil-ruchnuyu-obrabotku-schetov-v-uber/ (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stepik. 2026. n8n for automation: capabilities and limitations. URL: https://welcome.stepik.org/blog/n8n-automation-tool-explained (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Xi Z., Chen W., Guo X., et al. 2025. The rise and potential of large language model based agents: a survey. Science China Information Sciences 68(2), 121101. DOI: 10.1007/s11432-024-4222-0.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zaykov D.A., Ivanov I.A. 2025. Application of NLP technologies in a logistics chatbot for processing user requests. In: Information technology and systems (conference proceedings), 112–118. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ZDM. 2025. Multi-agent AI in train dispatch control. URL: https://zdmira.com/articles/multiagentnyj-ii-v-dispetcherskom-upravlenii-dvizheniem-poezdov (date accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
