This case study explores the integration of Industry 5.0 technologies — Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain—into the enterprise systems of Neste, a global leader in renewable fuels and circular economy solutions. The study examines how these technologies can enhance operational sustainability and support Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals by addressing specific gaps in the company’s digital infrastructure. Through a layered enterprise architecture analysis, the paper identifies opportunities for improving predictive capabilities, real-time monitoring, and ESG transparency. A three-phase roadmap is proposed to guide Neste’s transition toward a more human-centric and sustainable digital operating model. The study contributes to the literature by offering a practical, standards-aligned framework that supports long-term value creation and ESG compliance through technological innovation.